Texas tuff grass seed. Bermudagrass grass seed mix for sunny lawns in Texas; Contains just the right amount of fertilizer to help your lawn succeed;. Texas tuff grass seed

 
Bermudagrass grass seed mix for sunny lawns in Texas; Contains just the right amount of fertilizer to help your lawn succeed;Texas tuff grass seed  wide working width to make your planting go faster

6. per 1000 sq. Many varieties of fescue are very easy to care for, do not require a lot of attention or nutrients to thrive, and can tolerate shade and drought. Combat Southern is a 3-way mixture of turf type fescue and Hybrid Bluegrass which is heat and drought tolerant enough to be used in USDA Zones 8 - 10 (partial shade recommend for USDA Zone 9 and 10). RUNNER UP: Pennington Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue Grass Seed. 3-4 feet tall, 4 feet wide. After the weeds turn brown, broadcast the bermudagrass seed at 5 to 10 lbs/acre and pack again to press the seed into the soil surface. Prepare a good firm seedbed and pack with a roller. The Lesco 50 lbs. With scorching summer sun and limited water resources, Texas lawns need a grass variety that can withstand these harsh conditions. Scotts Turf Builder Bermuda Grass Seed - 50 Lbs. Use high nitrogen fertilizer such as 10-10-10 or 15-15-15 at least once every two weeks. Augustine is the best deep shade grass for warm season cover. Soil tests are critical to determine how much lime, phosphorous and potassium will be needed to prepare. Soil Moist: 3 oz. Perennial ryegrass. ‘Spring is a great time to fix those bare patches and the earlier we do it in the season, we will find that nature gives us a helping hand,’ says David Hedges Gower, chairman of the Lawn Association. 00 Sold Out Damaged Bags of Grass Seed & Fertilizer. This grass type is well-adapted to either sunny or partially shaded areas and is known for its durability as well as its tolerance to traffic, heat and drought. Grass Seed Options: – Pennington Bermudagrass Bare Spot (5 lb. This is a plus for San Antonio homeowners because sand and clay are the two most common soil types in this city. $19. Best Grass for Dogs. It has become the new standard across. St. High impact activities such as football, soccer, baseball and golf are no problem for TifTuf because it withstands wear and. Giant bermudagrass seed is 50% larger than common seed and at maturity the grass can be over 24 inches tall compared to common which normally 8 to 18 inches tall. bag of Scotts Turf Builder Rapid Grass Tall Fescue Mix has a new lawn coverage of 615 sq. 95 Sale price from $39. After the first rain, kill any emerging weeds. Planting Guidelines: * Seeding rate: New Pasture – 7 to 10 lbs per acre * Over Seeding – 3 to 5 lbs per acre * Seed depth: . $42. Tall fescue's naturally extensive root system can reach 2 to 3 feet deep, much deeper than other cool-season grasses. Pennington Smart Seed Sun and Shade Grass Mix 7 lb. Can be installed when sod is dormant in the winter and/or actively growing in the summer - that means anytime! Can be mowed with a reel, rotary, or robotic lawn mower. edu has been designed to provide information on Texas turfgrasses and the role they play in the lives of millions of Texans. Because of the long experience with common, it is often used as a standard for evaluating new material. ft. 3 This contributes to superior heat and drought tolerance. Tifway is a fine-bladed, full sun grass and, when consistently. Dense and soft underfoot, highly weed resistant. Great for Southern and Mid-South lawns. This seed is a favorite of landscapers, can be used from spring through fall, and is perfect for warmer climates. 5 to 7. - 2 in. 95. 5 pounds of actual nitrogen per 1000 square feet. Plant lilyturf in spring and summer for the best results. Water Dog Tuff ™ grass by irrigating less than once a week (depending on the weather). Perennial warm season grass. and an overseeding coverage of 1,200 sq. Prairie Nursery developed the original No Mow Lawn seed mix in 1994, as a sustainable alternative to the traditional high-resource-input lawn. The perfect custom grass seed for those looking for a strong, resilient lawn. per Acre. 1. Their stringy look is often mistaken. 00. ft. The stems are smooth and pink to rusty red near the base. Pers and Cynodon dactylon (L. Disease resistant. You can select the best field, properly fertilize it and prepare a perfect seedbed; however, you may end up with an unproductive and poorly established pasture with a much shorter stand longevity. 95 Sold Out GCI Turf Blue Heat Grass Seed. 25 inches of water weekly. pdf is a comprehensive guide to the products and services offered by East Texas Seed Company, a family-owned business since 1951. Teff Grass Seed is most commonly planted in. Scotts Halts Crabgrass and Grassy Weed Preventer is a granular pre-emergent herbicide that controls grassy weeds and broadleaf weeds. Once fully established, No Mow requires very little water, due to a large dense root system that also serves to inhibit weed growth. St Augustine Grass Seed. Bermudagrass. Seed stores and garden centers typi-cally carry only a few varieties of each species from a single supplier. Because of the long experience with common, it is often used as a standard for evaluating new material. Best Grass for Dogs. Another key difference between Zoysia and Bermuda is that Zoysia has blades that are firm and stiff. Five pounds of seed covers 1,000 square feet. Buffalo Grass Seeds. from the Transvaal region of South Africa. w/ WaterSmart Plus Coating. BERMUDAGRASS, TEXAS TOUGH + (10 pounds) NUMBER ONE SEEDED FORAGE BERMUDAGRASS IN AMERICA! Developed by East Texas Seed Company, Tyler, Texas and marketed exclusively by East Texas Seed and authorized dealers. Classification Common Name: Bermudagrass Variety: Texas Tough Family: Poaceae Genus: Cynodon Species: dactylon Origin: Africa Characteristics Longevity: Perennial Season: Warm Serving your agricultural seed needs since 1951 Full Line – Full Service is not only our motto, but our way of doing business Browse our full product line of grass and field seed, wildflower seed, turf seed and more. Planting after mid-June is discouraged because of normally hot and dry weather conditions. TX PF Upland Wildlife Mix. and an overseeding coverage of 5,000 sq. • Soil Needs: Neutral, well-draining. Solargreen Texas Bluegrass Grass Seed – 25 Lb. Fine stems Dense fi brous roots Teff grass stem showing Teff grass panicles species identifying ligule in the circle GEOGRAPHIC ADAPTATION Teff is adapted to environments. 5 pounds $64. Lush green growth, up to 18 inches tall. Augustine Grass. Resistant to Heavy Wear. Applying the right amount of seed is key. Once you click on your county a box will generate which will list the soil types within each ecoregion in that county. Find My Store. TX PF CRP CP42 High Plains Sandy. The time for germination of hulled seeds is a mere five to ten days. In addition, the seeds contained in the hard-wearing grass seed mix grow very. Texas Tough bermuda 2,480 bc 5,262 b 11,749 ab 7,956 e–g 10,993 cd 7,688 b. ) Pers x Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy. BEST COOL-SEASON: Jonathan Green Black Beauty All Grasses Sun or Shade. 0 stars out of 5. It’s best utilized for grazing or haying, and are best adapted to southern soils. Order online, or contact us to find the best bahia grass seed variety for your application. Bonds to tough-to-paint surfaces including Kynar, PVC, Formica, vinyl, glass, tile, glazed brick, chalky paints, glossy finishes, fiberglass and metals. TifTuf Bermuda. Grass Seed Options: – Outsidepride Perennial Ryegrass Seed. Texas Tough bermuda 2,480 bc 5,262 b 11,749 ab 7,956 e–g 10,993 cd 7,688 b. Open fullscreen gallery. Premium grass seed. With regular mowing, tall fescue can provides a "carpet" effect of a traditional lawn. Kentucky Bluegrass. Plant 8-10 Lbs. Northeast Grass Mix: The cool, humid climate of the American Northeast is tough on plants, including lawn grasses. g. Seed typically averages below $2 per pound, equating to seed costs at or under $4 per acre. A specially designed blend of fine fescue grasses, No Mow forms a lush green carpet of grass in full sun or partial shade. Top the seed with top dressing no greater than ¼ inch thick. The advantages of having a hard-wearing lawn are its good regenerative capacity, mowing tolerance and relatively high tread resistance. 00 $49. per live seed per acre (USDA / Texas Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2001; Boltz, 2012) depending upon. We carry a wide variety of premium seed including alfalfa, clover, fescue, millet, oats, peas, ryegrass, and more. an Acre hulled seed. Description: Bermudagrass is a warm-season, fine-textured turfgrass that spreads laterally by rhizomes and stolons. Sedges prefer well-drained soil and at least partial sun, and only. Kentucky Bluegrass. Buy farm fresh, certified TifTuf Bermuda sod directly from Super-Sod because we are the growers. Serving your agricultural seed needs since 1951 Full Line – Full Service is not only our motto, but our way of doing business Browse our full product line of grass and field seed, wildflower seed, turf seed and more. Blackjack Bermuda Grass Seed - 20 Lbs. Augustine is one of the few lawn grasses that can grow even in sandy soil. West of Texas. 54 cm) tall to help encourage new growth and. Hay production for feeding livestock is a well-established agricultural practice. BEST WITH SPRAYER: Simple Lawn Solutions. 1. Generally a 50 lb bag of Bermuda grass will plant 3-10. Qty. Corporate Accounting. I looked it up once and found it is a turf variety of bermuda. BEST OVERALL: Scotts Turf Builder Grass Seed Tall Fescue Mix, 7 lb. Chewings Fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. If conditions are ideal, Bermuda grass can germinate in one to two weeks using un-hulled seeds. 00. Tri-County Turf & Landscape specializes in sod installation, river rock curbing beds, mulching, edging, dry stack ledgestone & boulder walls, & other general landscaping services, such as lawn aeration & fertilization, and much more. Known for its dark green color and fine leaf blades, it’s a natural choice for. Prairie Nursery developed the original No Mow Lawn seed mix in 1994, as a sustainable alternative to the traditional high-resource-input lawn. Apply this lawn care product in the spring or fall when temperatures are between 60°F and 80°F. Actually, the latest variety of Texas Tough is a mixture of Giant, Common, and Majestic Bermuda. Bermudagrass is an aggressive, long lived, warm-season perennial sod forming grass that can become 8 to 24 inches tall. Buy online, free in-store pickup. It is a deep-rooted, sod-forming grass that spreads by means of stolons (horizontal aboveground stems) and rhizomes (underground stems) that form. Use high nitrogen fertilizer such as 10-10-10 or 15-15-15 at least once every two weeks. This seeder fits category 1 hitches and has 8 rows and 48 in. It's low-water, needing only a couple of inches of water per month in the growing season. 250-499 lbs. VAT. Economical and High-quality Choice. With a deep, thick root system, it grows well in sandy environments and adapts easily to clay. Texas. Sunday: Closed Monday: 7:00 am - 5:00 pm Tuesday: 7:00 am - 5:00 pm Wednesday: 7:00 am - 5:00 pmAvailable in 210gm, 425gm, 1. Texas Tough Bermuda Grass. In Stock. It does not produce seeds. Bermuda grass is a warm-season perennial grass that can handle the extreme heat of Central Texas. The field had originally been planted to Callie, a variety very susceptible to winter-kill. Kikuyu. Plants have to be tough to live here!Discover the Best Grass for North Texas Lawns: Uncover the ideal grass type to conquer the Lone Star State's challenges. Grasses such as Sir Grange and Empire Zoysia are drought resistant too but only TifTuf has such a proven ability to thrive in the driest conditions. Lindsey Lindsey. The first two weeks are the. Soil erosion in the U. Choose the store or farm location nearest to you to check availability and price. 10% Turf-type Perennial Ryegrass. Originally released as a turfgrass, it was promoted as a pasture variety by the mid. Softwood cuttings of existing plants propagate easily during midsummer for more candytuft flowers to plant in. Bermuda grass is a warm season grass and can be planted from seeds easily. 2. Some popular cool-season species include: Kentucky bluegrass. $78. Planting Guidelines: * Seeding rate: New Pasture – 7 to 10 lbs per acre * Over Seeding – 3 to 5 lbs per acre * Seed depth: . Each plant grows from a single seed, so it needs to be seeded heavily. SKU: AM016035. Ames Safe-T-Deck is a granulated, water-based, tough, acrylic deck coating for wood and concrete exterior surfaces. The roots are thick and fibrous which helps it survive against damage. Pers and Cynodon dactylon (L. Bulk Seed Savings. It is tough, tolerant to droughts, and requires very minimal maintenance to grow well. 0 BERMUDAGRASS, TEXAS TOUGH + BRAND (50 POUNDS) $590. Scotts® Turf Builder® THICK'R LAWN® Sun & Shade has everything you need to help turn your thin lawn into a thicker, greener lawn. It has several excellent qualities: Does well in full sun or shady areas. 9. 125 - . Bermuda is moderate to slow to fully establish, so planting earlier in the season is best. for pricing and availability. Decades later, this economical, traditional tall fescue grass remains an industry standard for cool-season lawn grasses. transvaalensis is a non-native grass, introduced. 95. Pallet contains 16″x24″ pieces. Grass watered shallowly and frequently, will have shallow roots that are more prone to drought damage. Photo Credit: rawpixel | CC0. We also offer a full selection of seed options, ranging from sun to shade, from. Within the zoomed region select your county. 5 out of 5. 00 Call to Order. It is a major turf and forage species for Australia, Africa, India, South America, and the southern regions. It is a deep-rooted, sod-forming grass that spreads by means of stolons (horizontal aboveground stems) and rhizomes (underground stems) that form. Space out the plants far enough, at least 1 foot, to allow for spreading. It grows in dense clumps and can reach 8 feet in height. Due to its drought tolerance, TifTuf Bermuda grass is replacing Tifway (419) as the new standard turfgrass in residential and commercial landscapes as well as use in other high traffic areas like parks & sports fields. Bermudagrass. Scotts Turf Builder TOUGH Custom Grass Seed gives you a lawn that's more tolerant to grubs and drought, too. You’ll first have to select a blend based on your region and then its qualities. Zoysia grows slowly, but it tolerates. Appropriate Temperatures to Plant Grass Seed. Known for its dark green color and fine leaf blades, it’s a natural choice for. bcarraway@theturfgrassgroup. It has seen significant gains in popularity in the last few years because it produces very fine stemmed, leafy, and soft forage that is highly palatable to livestock. St. TifTuf ® Bermudagrass was developed with this challenge in mind. Clover lawns are visually stunning, give nutrients back to the soil, and are a nectar source for bees. VAT. Field Tuff brings you an easy way to seed your field, lawn, garden, or food plot with the 48 in. Augustine grass will, however, need more frequent watering. Here are Dog Tuff™'s attributes: It’s an extremely durable and deep-rooted grass that creates a nearly weed-proof, dog resistant lawn once well established. Redmon. Bahiagrass, Pensacola (50 pounds) $249. Plant it in spring or early summer. Warm-season species: Bahia grass. Here are some popular grass seeds used in Texas: Buffalograss (Bouteloua dactyloides): Buffalograss is a native warm-season grass that is well-suited for low-maintenance lawns in Texas. Type. St. Plant lilyturf in spring and summer for the best results. Zoysia seed heads can also be identified by their tough feel. Planting Tips. GCI Turf Type OG and GCI Cool Blue OG Grass Seed. - $12. Since it grows to only about three inches in height, it needs less mowing and it is tolerant to most insects and certain herbicides. Scotts Turf Builder Grass Seed and Mulch Combination for Zoysia Grass and a Tough, Durable, Low-Maintenance Lawn, 5 lbs. 95. Known to thrive in hot and humid climates, it grows well in the scorching heat of Texas summers and. 5acres available) TX PF Upland Wildlife Mix. It only. The grass is also resistant to various diseases, including brown patch, pythium, and rhizoctonia. If conditions are too cool, shady, or dry, on the other hand, Bermuda grass seed can take up to 30 days to germinate. ft. The following is a list of shade tolerant grass: Red Creeping Fescue – Red Creeping Fescue is a cool season grass that has an excellent record as a fairly deep shade grass. Rapid growth rate. The following is a list of shade tolerant grass: Red Creeping Fescue – Red Creeping Fescue is a cool season grass that has an excellent record as a fairly deep shade grass. Hybrid bermudagrass can produce high-quality forage, but as with any other crop, proper variety selection, soil preparation, planting, fertility, irrigation management, and timing of harvest are necessary to ensure the highest quality feed. Compared to ordinary grasses, tall fescue varieties from Pennington The Rebels Brand have 40% more roots. This blend of 16 species was designed by our wildlife biologists to provide great upland wildlife habitat in Texas. Select the soil type that applies to your area and a pdf will generate once selected. Kentucky 31, also known as K-31 or KY-31, is drought resistant, has improved heat tolerance, and is easy to establish, making it a favorite among homeowners. Propagate by division since it rarely sets seed. $84. To add these soil amendments, spread a 3 inch deep layer of expanded shale over the entire flower bed, and till the shale into the soil to a depth of 6 to 8 inches. Or fastest delivery Oct 17 - 18. Your best bet is to use a starter fertilizer high in phosphorus. Cold Weather Tolerant. 95. Check Price. depending on seed availabil-ity and cost. Often used in overseeding practices for winter color in warm-season grasses, perennial ryegrass has a fine leaf texture and. Scotts Turf Builder Grass Seed Sun & Shade Mix, Grows in Extreme Conditions & Spreads for a Durable Lawn, 7 lbs. Tuff Turf was created as economical, but higher quality option to K-31 or Fawn, the older forage type fescues. S. Indigenous species that grow well include Buffalo grass, Bermuda grass, Zoysia grass, and St Augustine grass. The Dallas Arboretum plant trials program is a natural choice for breeders and plant promotion companies to test their materials. ft. Teff grass is a warm season, annual forage grass. SEED MIX MAP To view a custom seed mix for your area, first select the region that your property is located in. Apply ½ inch to 1 inch of water per irrigation. The recommended mowing height for our Tifway 419 is 1/2" - 3/4". ft. Tifway 419 is a versatile Bermuda grass that can be used for a variety of purposes, including golf course fairways, athletic fields, and home lawns. Commonly sold composts include: cotton burr blends (Back to Earth) and cow manure. Planting target date is June 1, with. We planted Texas Tough earlier this spring. It is propagated by planting small sprigs, letting them spread and knit together, and then harvesting the grass as sod pieces or rolls. Savings. 120 Results Found. The easiest way to achieve this is by adding organic matter such as compost and manure to the soil. Leave a Comment Cancel. bag of Scotts® Turf Builder® Rapid Grass Sun & Shade Mix® has a new lawn coverage of 839 sq. Once fully established, No Mow requires very little water, due to a large dense root system that also serves to inhibit weed growth. Specifically selected for its superior drought and wear tolerance compared to other bermudagrass varieties. BERMUDAGRASS, TEXAS TOUGH + BRAND (25 POUNDS) $310. _ Over-seeding: 5 LBS per 1,000 Sq. Topcoat with either water or oil-based paint. Indian Hemp (Apocynum cannabinum) Also called dogbane, Indian hemp is a tall growing weed with a thick, central stem that branches toward the top. Great for Southern and Mid-South lawns. St Augustine grass is a fantastic choice for those living in Houston, Texas, because it can withstand the extreme hot and humid summers and cold winters of the city. Deep root development. Augustine Grass. Kelly Grummons (720) 628-2518 for questions. 00 / acre (244. Developed by East Texas Seed Company, Tyler, Texas and marketed exclusively by East Texas Seed and authorized dealers. Seeding Info. Fescue grass. It’s a thick, high-density turf that has a soft texture and cushioned feel. Scotts® Turf Builder® THICK'R LAWN® Bermudagrass has everything you need to help turn your thin lawn into a thicker, greener lawn. Number of seeds per pound is approxi-mately 1. BERMUDAGRASS, TEXAS TOUGH + (10 pounds) NUMBER ONE SEEDED FORAGE BERMUDAGRASS IN AMERICA! Developed by. Compost and manure are rich in essential nutrients. ft. Bermudagrass is an aggressive, long lived, warm-season perennial sod forming grass that can become 8 to 24 inches tall depending on variety. 99. Add to cart. We understand this problem because we have gone through the entire texas tough grass seed research process already, which is why we have put together a comprehensive list of the best texas tough grass seed available in the market today. Here in Texas, Turfgrass: Provides Erosion Control. Plant 25-30 Lbs. To fill bare patches in a garden, designers frequently depend on two species of lilyturf: Liriope muscari (known as monkey grass) and Liriope spicata (spider grass). Dog Tuff™ Bermudagrass is a high performing, drought-resistant lawn grass perfect for high traffic and play areas. Shop for ATV & UTV Spreaders & Seeders at Tractor Supply Co. • USDA Growing Zones: 4-7. Buffalo Grass Seeds. Bermuda seeds germinate best at soil temperatures between 65°F and 70°F. What to Know: You will find creeping red fescue in quality seed mixtures for shade, but it grows surprisingly well in full sun as well. live seed is the product of the percentage of live, viable seed and the percentage of the. Spray the herbicide directly onto the yellow nutsedge plants. Whether you are looking for bermudagrass, clover, oats, or. $537. Late plantings may not fill in until the second summer. $75 Off! 1,000-1,499 lbs. to satisfy the needs of modern. U. So one of the main benefits of TifTuf grass is that it is capable of handling droughts. Prairie Storm Nursery LLC. Apply at the rate of 1. his will reduce mud in the first winter. Plant in early spring at a rate of 5 lbs. This publication offers information on selecting the most suitable variety of bermudagrass; preparing the. This helps promote healthy root growth and increases resistance to pests and disease. No Mow Lawn Seed Mix. Warm-season grasses for a dog-friendly lawn. Ft. Why Choose East Texas Seed Company? Quality Products We sell only the highest quality seed Vast knowledge Texas Tough Bermuda grass has a high drought tolerance and is virtually disease free. Turfgrass Identification and Selection Casey Reynolds, PhD There are over 10,000 species of grasses in the Poaceae family and over 700 species of grasses found in Texas. Finally, add a thin layer of compost (about 1/4 of an. AggieTurf is designed to be a. Turfgrass Producers of Texas. Apply. Apply corn meal. 0. Sow seeds of the candytuft flower directly into flower beds when soil has warmed to about 70 degrees F. A soil test will tell you exactly where your pH levels are at. Get this lawn seed mixture online now at Albert Lea Seed!Try using Scotts® Turf Builder® Rapid Grass and see grass grow in as little as 12 days! Remember to apply grass seed during appropriate weather conditions and for best results, it’s important to water twice daily for at least 3 weeks. Hybrid bermudagrass can produce high quality forage. We invite you to browse our full product line of. 95. Ordering more than 250 lbs. $324. Too much fertility will result in a thatchy and unhealthy lawn. It contains the pre-emergent herbicide pendimethalin, a safe chemical for Bermuda grass. This will also be the optimal time for spring seeding. Morphological Characteristics: Shoot growth (thirty-two days) from 10 cm plugs growing in the greenhouse in. Perennial rye – This type of grass is highly tolerant of dog urine, and is also hardy even with lots of foot traffic from. “There is no difference they are one in the same grass. For an easy, durable grass option, fescue makes a great choice. Teff Grass Seed - 10 Lbs. Ensure the lawn has enough water and nitrogen to keep up a healthy pace of growth. Installation of Dog Tuff ™ Grass Plugs. More choice of lawn type from ornamental to play lawns and shady to drought tolerant lawns. St. Texas Tough bermuda 2,480 bc 5,262 b 11,749 ab 7,956 e–g 10,993 cd 7,688 b. RFV 89. S. Turf Builder WinterGuard by Scotts – Best for Budget Bermuda Grass Fertilizer. All seeded bermuda will not revert back to common. A soil test will tell you exactly where your pH levels are at. ), also known as pennywort, thrives in wet conditions. In Texas, the perennial species will only come back in areas of medium to heavy shade. Plant a groundcover like monkey grass or Asiatic jasmine - most other herbaceous perennials will not withstand the trampling. $150 Off! 1,500-2,000 lbs. Tall Fescue, a narrow-leaved, dark green grass, is among the best drought-resistant cool-season grasses due to its minimal irrigation needs of one to 1. Pennington Smart Seed Bermudagrass Grass Seed and Fertilizer Mix offers improved cold tolerance in a wear-resistant, self-repairing, self-spreading lawn. Bermudagrass origin is likely Africa though other regions offer evidence of origin. Unique blend of approximately 50% Tall Fescue, 30% Kentucky Bluegrass, and 20% Fine Fescue to give you a strong, adaptable lawn. alone, nearly 6 billion tons of soil wash or blow away each year. Quick to establish, Tuffgrass is suitable for all lawns and play areas where resistance to dog patches and family wear and tear together with value for money are important. TUFF TURF Lawn Seed Mixture® is a combination of improved turf-type Tall Fescues with Perennial Ryegrass and Kentucky Bluegrass. It’s better to irrigate deeply, but less often to encourage grass roots to grow deeply and evade drought.